Plot straight-line graphs, find gradients using rise ÷ run, write equations from two points, and identify parallel lines.

Find term-to-term rules, build the nth term formula, predict any term, and check if a value is in a sequence.

Write algebraic expressions from words, expand single brackets, expand and simplify, solve inequalities, and plot them on a number line.

Write expressions from words, identify and collect like terms, multiply and divide terms, and apply index laws (x² × x³ = x⁵). Includes interactive algebra tile visualizer and sorting game.

Expand single brackets including negatives, expand and simplify two brackets, work with fractional coefficients, and factorise by finding the HCF. Includes animated distribution arrows and area model visualizer.

Solve one-step, two-step, and equations with variables on both sides. Expand brackets before solving, form equations from word problems, and check solutions by substitution. Features a balance-scales visualizer, reverse-flow function machine, equation builder, and step-by-step solver.

Substitute positive and negative values into formulae, use real-world formulae (area, speed, v = u + at, kinetic energy), write formulae from words, and change the subject of a formula. Includes an interactive formula machine with live sliders, science-lab beaker visualizer, BIDMAS substitution checker, and subject-change step-builder.

Understand and use inequality symbols, represent inequalities on number lines (open/closed circles), solve one-step and two-step inequalities, flip the inequality when multiplying/dividing by a negative, list integer solutions, and solve word problems. Features an interactive SVG number line plotter and flip-warning animation.

Multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers, solve multi-step fraction problems, apply order of operations, and find a fraction of a quantity.

Multiply fractions and mixed numbers using cross-cancelling, find a fraction of a quantity, solve area problems with fractional dimensions, and tackle multi-step word problems. Includes an interactive area model visualizer, cross-cancel spotlight, and recipe multiplier.

Master the KCF method (Keep · Change · Flip), find reciprocals, divide fractions by fractions, whole numbers by fractions, and mixed numbers. Includes an animated KCF step visualizer, "how many fit?" number line, and a reciprocal rapid-fire quiz.

Convert between mixed numbers and improper fractions, add and subtract mixed numbers (including borrowing/regrouping), multiply and divide using KCF, order on a number line, and solve real-life problems. Includes a pizza visualizer, conversion catcher game, animated borrowing explainer, and number line placer.

Distinguish terminating from recurring decimals, use dot notation (0.3̇, 0.1̇2̇), convert fractions to decimals by long division, identify which denominators cause recurrence, and convert recurring decimals back to fractions using the algebraic method. Features a long division animator, terminating vs recurring sorter, step-by-step algebra visualizer, and a mixed fraction–decimal number line.

Add, subtract, multiply and divide negative numbers, find squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots, use order of operations with negatives, and apply directed numbers in real contexts.

Understand positive and negative numbers on a number line, add and subtract directed numbers using rules and visual models, and apply to temperature, depth, and financial contexts.

Apply the rules for multiplying and dividing negative numbers (positive × negative = negative etc.), evaluate expressions with multiple negatives, and spot common errors.

Calculate squares, cubes and higher powers, find square roots and cube roots, use index notation, apply index laws (xᵃ × xᵇ = xᵃ⁺ᵇ), and estimate roots of non-perfect squares.

Find prime factors using factor trees and the ladder method, express numbers as products of prime factors, calculate HCF and LCM using prime factorisation and Venn diagrams, and apply to real problems.

Understand place value up to billions and down to millionths, round to decimal places and significant figures, use powers of 10, and estimate answers by rounding to 1 s.f.

Multiply and divide decimals by whole numbers and decimals, add and subtract decimals with different numbers of decimal places, and solve multi-step decimal word problems.

Write large and small numbers as A × 10⊃n, convert between standard form and ordinary numbers, order mixed-form lists, and multiply & divide in standard form using real-world contexts like space distances and atomic sizes.

Count significant figures, round to n s.f., distinguish decimal places from significant figures, estimate calculations using 1 s.f., find upper and lower bounds, and check answers for reasonableness.

Design questionnaires, identify bias, understand sampling methods (random, systematic, stratified), record data in frequency tables, and critique data collection methods.

Read, complete and draw two-way tables, find missing values using row/column totals, calculate probabilities and relative frequencies from tables, and interpret findings to compare groups.

Compare theoretical vs experimental probability, calculate relative frequency, explore the Law of Large Numbers with a live simulator, identify bias from results, and calculate expected frequency.

Calculate mean, median, mode and range, decide which average is most appropriate, compare two datasets using averages and spread, read back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagrams, and write full comparison statements. Features a live dataset comparator and outlier impact demo.

Read and complete two-way tables, draw pie charts from frequency data, use grouped frequency tables, compare distributions, and identify misleading graphs.

Understand the probability scale, calculate probabilities of single events, list outcomes, use mutually exclusive and complementary events, and compare experimental to theoretical probability.

List outcomes systematically, draw 2D sample space diagrams, calculate P(A and B) from a grid, apply mutually exclusive and complementary event rules, use tree diagrams and Venn diagrams to solve probability problems.

Convert between percentages, fractions and decimals, calculate percentages of amounts, express one quantity as a percentage of another, and solve percentage word problems.

Increase and decrease values using the two-step method and the multiplier method, apply the percentage change formula, calculate profit and loss percentages, work with VAT, and solve discount problems. Includes an animated price-tag visualizer, multiplier explorer with live bar chart, shop-sale game, and profit/loss calculator.

Find the original value before a percentage increase or decrease. Understand the multiplier method, reverse VAT calculations, and multi-step salary problems. Includes a reverse machine visualiser, before/after price revealer, and common mistake traps.

Simplify ratios, share in a ratio, solve proportion problems using the unitary method, and apply ratio and proportion to real-world contexts including recipes and maps.

Write and simplify ratios (including with units), find equivalent ratios, divide a quantity in a given ratio (e.g. share £120 in 3:5), find one part when a share is given, combine ratios (A:B:C), apply map and scale ratios, and scale recipes. Includes an animated ratio bar model, live recipe scaler, fair-shares coin game, and map distance calculator.

Understand y ∝ x and y = kx, identify direct proportion from tables using constant ratio y/x, find the constant of proportionality k, apply the unitary method, interpret straight-line graphs through the origin, and solve proportion equations in real-world contexts (exchange rates, speed, recipes, unit pricing).

Calculate unit prices (cost per gram/ml/item), compare packs to find best value, work with rates (speed, flow, pay), convert rates between units (km/h ↔ m/s), apply rates in real-world contexts (supermarket, fuel, wages), and scale rates using inverse proportion (worker problems). Includes an interactive supermarket shelf, rate race game, live rate converter, and spot-the-deal challenge.

Measure and draw angles, use angle rules (straight line, around a point, triangle), apply parallel line rules, and perform compass constructions including perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors.

Construct perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors with compass and straight edge, build triangles from SSS/SAS/ASA conditions, construct perpendiculars from a point, and explore loci. Features animated step-by-step construction demos and a locus explorer.

Identify circle parts, calculate circumference and area of circles, recognise congruent and similar shapes, and explore line and rotational symmetry in 2D shapes.

Use A = πr² to find circle area, work from diameter, find radius given area, calculate semicircle and quarter circle areas, solve composite shape problems. Features a sector-rearrangement animation and live area calculator.

Calculate areas of 2D shapes, volumes of 3D prisms, and surface areas using nets. Convert between area and volume units and solve compound shape problems.

Perform and describe reflections, rotations, translations and enlargements. Use scale factors and centres of enlargement, and identify similarity in transformed shapes.

Corresponding (F), alternate (Z), co-interior (C) and vertically opposite angles. Find unknowns with reasons, multi-step problems combining rules. Includes an interactive transversal slider showing all 8 angles live, Name That Rule game, Multi-Step Builder, and Angle Hunt.

Parts of a circle (radius, diameter, chord, arc, sector, tangent), the π ratio (C/d = π), formulas C = πd and C = 2πr, working backwards from C to find r or d, arc length (θ/360 × 2πr), and real-world contexts including wheel rotations and running tracks. Features an animated rolling circle, live circle builder with radius slider, wheel rotation counter, and arc length slicer.

Volume = cross-sectional area × length; cuboids (l × w × h), triangular prisms (½bhl), cylinders (πr²h); unit conversions (cm³ ↔ m³, ml ↔ cm³); finding a missing dimension; real-world contexts including fish tanks, swimming pools, and pipes. Features a water-fill animation, interactive prism builder, unit conversion zoom visualiser, and a fish tank capacity calculator.

Total area of all faces of a 3D shape; nets of cuboids, cubes, triangular prisms and cylinders; formulas SA = 2(lb + bh + lh), SA = 2πr² + 2πrh, and SA = 6s²; converting area units (cm² ↔ m²). Features an animated net folder, a clickable face-painter with live area tally, a live prism-net explorer with sliders, and a cylinder-unwrapper animation.

40 questions, 50 marks, 45 minutes. Number, algebra, fractions, geometry and statistics. No calculator allowed. Includes timer, self-marking, and full mark scheme.

38 questions, 50 marks, 45 minutes. Standard form, algebra, percentages, circles and proportion. Calculator permitted. Includes timer, self-marking, and full mark scheme.

30 harder multi-step questions, 60 marks, 60 minutes. Real-world contexts, extended reasoning, proof and problem-solving across all Grade 7 topics. Calculator permitted.

Order of operations, integer arithmetic, powers and roots, prime factorisation, LCM and HCF using Venn diagrams, and index laws.

Converting between fractions, decimals and percentages; percentage increase and decrease; reverse percentages; repeated percentage change.

Simplifying and dividing in a ratio, sharing quantities, direct and inverse proportion, best-value problems and map scales.

Writing numbers in standard form (a × 10ⁿ), converting to and from standard form, and calculating with standard form.

Expanding single and double brackets, factorising into a single bracket, difference of two squares, simplifying algebraic fractions.

Linear equations with unknowns on both sides, equations with brackets, forming and solving equations from context.

Solving and graphing linear inequalities on number lines, integer solutions, and representing inequalities on coordinate grids.

Arithmetic and geometric sequences, nth term of a linear sequence, term-to-term and position-to-term rules.

Function notation f(x), composite functions, inverse functions, domain and range, and function machines.

Gradient and y-intercept, equation y = mx + c, plotting from a table, finding equations from graphs, parallel and perpendicular lines.

Plotting y = ax² + bx + c, key features (vertex, axis of symmetry, roots), and reading approximate solutions from graphs.

Distance–time graphs, speed–time graphs, conversion graphs, and interpreting gradients and areas in context.

Gradient as a rate of change, positive and negative gradients, gradient between two points, and applications in real-world contexts.

Interior and exterior angles of polygons, angle sum formulae, regular polygons, bearings, and multi-step angle problems.

Constructing triangles (SSS, SAS, ASA), perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, and solving locus problems.

Arc length = (θ/360) × 2πr, sector area = (θ/360) × πr², and finding angles or radii from arc length or area.

Area of circles, semicircles, and compound shapes involving circles. Problem-solving with area and perimeter.

Area of compound shapes by adding and subtracting rectangles, triangles, and sectors; perimeter of composite shapes.

Volume of prisms (V = Al), cylinders (πr²h), cones (⅓πr²h), pyramids (⅓Ah), spheres (⁴⁄₃πr³), and composite solids.

Surface area of cuboids, prisms, cylinders, cones (including slant height), spheres, and hemispheres.

Faces, edges, vertices, Euler's formula (F + V − E = 2), nets, cross-sections, plans and elevations.

Translation, reflection (four mirror lines), rotation (90° and 180°), enlargement with scale factor, and combined transformations.

Congruence conditions (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, RHS), similar triangles (AA, SSS, SAS), scale factor, area ratio k², and volume ratio k³.

Midpoint, distance formula, gradient, equation of a line y = mx + c, parallel and perpendicular lines, and 3D coordinates.

Metric and imperial conversions, speed = distance ÷ time, density = mass ÷ volume, pressure = force ÷ area, and km/h ↔ m/s.

Data types (discrete, continuous, qualitative, ordinal), random/systematic/stratified/convenience sampling, frequency tables, and two-way tables.

Bar charts, frequency polygons, histograms with unequal class widths (frequency density), and cumulative frequency graphs.

Mean, median, mode, range, mean from frequency tables, estimated mean from grouped data, and comparing distributions.

Time series graphs, trend and seasonal variation, 3-point and 4-point moving averages, centred moving averages, and extrapolation.

Drawing and reading stem-and-leaf diagrams, finding median, quartiles and IQR, and back-to-back stem-and-leaf for comparison.

Calculating sector angles (freq/total × 360°), drawing and reading pie charts, finding missing angles, and comparing pie charts with different totals.

Probability scale (0 to 1), P(event) = favourable ÷ total, complement rule P(not A) = 1 − P(A), mutually exclusive events, and expected frequency.

Relative frequency, theoretical vs experimental probability, detecting bias, and the Law of Large Numbers.

Sample space diagrams, two-way tables, tree diagrams, AND rule (P(A)×P(B) for independent events), and OR rule (P(A)+P(B)−P(A∩B)).

50 marks, 45 minutes. Number, algebra, geometry, statistics and probability. No calculator. Includes timer, self-marking, and full mark scheme.

50 marks, 45 minutes. Standard form, proportion, graphs, surface area, transformations, probability and statistics. Calculator permitted.

60 marks, 60 minutes. Multi-step reasoning across all Grade 8 topics. Quadratics, inverse proportion, composite functions, without-replacement probability, and more.

Direct and inverse proportion, ratio problems, map scales, speed-distance-time, and unitary method. Formal y∝x and y∝1/x notation.

Simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing algebraic fractions. Solving equations with algebraic fractions. Common denominators.

Writing ax²+bx+c in vertex form a(x+p)²+q, finding minimum/maximum points, solving quadratics, proving the quadratic formula.

Solving one linear and one quadratic simultaneously by substitution, geometric interpretation as line-curve intersection, number of solutions.

Composite functions fg(x), inverse functions f⁻¹(x), domain and range, function transformations, piecewise functions.

Geometric sequences and series, nth term formula arⁿ⁻¹, sum of finite geometric series, convergence of infinite series, real-world applications.

Solving quadratic inequalities graphically and algebraically, set notation, integer solutions, double inequalities, regions on graphs.

Proof by algebraic manipulation, proof by counterexample, geometric proof, proving divisibility, proving identities.

Gradient of a curve at a point (tangent), rate of change, area under a curve using trapezium rule, kinematics from velocity-time graphs.

f(x+a), f(ax), af(x), −f(x), f(−x) transformations of any function. Sketching transformed graphs, finding new coordinates.

Distance-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, acceleration, area under v-t graph equals distance, gradient equals acceleration.

Distance formula, midpoint formula, perpendicular gradients, equation of perpendicular bisector, equation of a circle.

Exponential growth and decay y=ab^x, compound interest, half-life, reciprocal graphs y=k/x, introduction to logarithms.

Sine rule a/sinA=b/sinB, the ambiguous case, cosine rule a²=b²+c²−2bc cosA, area of triangle = ½ab sinC, bearings problems.

3D Pythagoras, angle between a line and a plane, angle between two planes, problems in cuboids, pyramids and prisms.

Proving lines are parallel, proving points are collinear, dividing line segments in a ratio, geometric proofs using vectors.

Formal proofs of all 7 circle theorems, harder multi-step problems combining several theorems, tangent-from-external-point.

2×2 matrices for reflection, rotation, enlargement, stretch, and shear. Combined transformations, inverse matrix, determinant.

Three-figure bearings, back bearings, combining bearings with trigonometry, sine and cosine rule with bearings problems.

Frequency density = frequency ÷ class width, drawing histograms with unequal classes, estimating median and quartiles from histograms.

Two and three set Venn diagrams, set notation (∪ ∩ A'), filling in regions, probability from Venn diagrams, conditional probability.

P(A|B) = P(A∩B)/P(B), harder tree diagrams, combined Venn and tree problems, sampling and medical test problems.

Scatter graphs, correlation strength and direction, line of best fit, interpolation vs extrapolation, comparing distributions using mean and IQR.

Cumulative frequency tables and curves, median, quartiles and IQR from the graph, box-and-whisker plots, comparing distributions.

Plotting scatter diagrams, types of correlation, line of best fit through the mean point, equation of line, interpolation vs extrapolation.

Set symbols (∈, ∅, ξ, ∪, ∩, A'), Venn diagrams for 2 and 3 sets, inclusion-exclusion formula, De Morgan's laws.

60 marks, 75 minutes. Algebra, proof, quadratic inequalities, functions, geometry. GCSE 0580 style. Grade boundaries included.

60 marks, 75 minutes. Sine/cosine rule, 3D trig, histograms, vectors, matrices, conditional probability. Full mark scheme.

70 marks, 90 minutes. Multi-step IGCSE Extended reasoning across all Grade 10 topics. Proofs, vectors, calculus intro, conditional probability.

Simplifying surds, adding and subtracting surds, multiplying surds, rationalising the denominator, and conjugate pairs.

Writing in standard form a×10ⁿ, converting large and small numbers, multiplying and dividing in standard form.

Upper and lower bounds, error intervals, bounds in calculations (max/min of products and quotients).

Compound interest, depreciation, reverse percentage, repeated percentage change, and percentage change formula.

Prime factorisation, HCF and LCM using factor trees and Venn diagrams, types of numbers, and applications in context.

All six index laws, zero and negative indices, fractional indices, simplifying algebraic expressions, and solving index equations.

Expanding double brackets, factorising quadratics (ax²+bx+c), difference of two squares, and (a±b)² identities.

Solving by factorising, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Discriminant and nature of roots.

Elimination and substitution methods, word problems, and one linear one quadratic system.

Linear and quadratic inequalities, integer solutions, number lines, double inequalities, and graphical regions.

Arithmetic and geometric sequences, nth term of linear and quadratic sequences, and sum of arithmetic series.

Function notation, composite functions fg(x), inverse functions f⁻¹(x), domain and range.

Gradient, y-intercept, finding equation from two points, parallel and perpendicular lines, distance and midpoint.

Plotting parabolas, vertex and axis of symmetry, roots, completing the square, and reading solutions from graphs.

Finding hypotenuse and shorter sides, 3D Pythagoras, Pythagorean triples, and distance between coordinates.

SOH CAH TOA, finding sides and angles in right-angled triangles, angles of elevation and depression, bearings.

Angle in semicircle, angles in same segment, angle at centre, cyclic quadrilateral, tangent-radius, alternate segment theorem.

Column vectors, magnitude, adding and subtracting vectors, scalar multiplication, position vectors, and vector proofs.

Area and perimeter of all 2D shapes including sectors, arc length, segment area, and composite shape problems.

Surface area and volume of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres, pyramids, and composite 3D shapes.

Angles in parallel lines, polygons, interior and exterior angles, reasons in geometric proofs.

Congruence conditions (SSS, SAS, ASA, RHS), similar triangles, scale factors, area and volume ratios k² and k³.

Reflection, rotation, translation, enlargement (including negative scale factors), combined transformations, and invariant points.

Perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, compass constructions, all four locus types, and region problems combining loci.

Frequency density, histograms with unequal class widths, cumulative frequency curves, quartiles, IQR, and box plots.

Tree diagrams, independent events, without-replacement probability, conditional probability P(B|A), and the AND/OR rules.

50 marks, 60 minutes. Number, surds, algebra, geometry, statistics and probability. No calculator.

50 marks, 60 minutes. Standard form, percentages, quadratics, trigonometry, vectors, histograms.

60 marks, 75 minutes. Multi-step IGCSE-level reasoning across all Grade 9 topics. Includes surds, vector proofs, quadratic inequalities.

Numbers to 1,000; hundreds, tens, ones; partitioning; ordering and comparing; rounding to 10 and 100; number lines.

Mental methods; column addition and subtraction up to 3-digit numbers; estimating; inverse operations; word problems.

2×, 3×, 4×, 5× and 10× tables; arrays; repeated addition; multiplying by 10; word problems.

Dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10; sharing and grouping; remainders; inverse of multiplication; word problems.

Halves, quarters, thirds, eighths; fraction of a shape; fraction of an amount; equivalent fractions; comparing; adding same-denominator.

UK coins and notes; counting mixed coins; adding amounts; giving change; writing amounts in £ and p.

Right angle (90°); acute angles; obtuse angles; straight line (180°); angles in a triangle; half and quarter turns.

Types of triangles and quadrilaterals; regular polygons; lines of symmetry; properties of shapes.

Cube, cuboid, sphere, cylinder, cone, prisms and pyramids; faces, edges and vertices; recognising and describing 3D shapes.

Lines of symmetry; vertical, horizontal and diagonal axes; shapes with 0, 1, 2 or more lines of symmetry; completing symmetric patterns.

Perimeter of rectangles, squares and irregular shapes; missing sides; word problems.

Length (mm, cm, m, km); mass (g, kg); capacity (ml, L); reading scales; simple conversions; comparing measurements.

Reading analogue and digital clocks; am and pm; days, weeks, months; calendars; calculating durations.

Tally charts; frequency tables; bar charts; pictograms; Venn and Carroll diagrams; reading and interpreting data.

Odd and even numbers; counting in 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, 10s, 100s; sequences; square numbers; number machines.

Probability language (impossible to certain); probability scale; simple experiments; listing outcomes; comparing likelihood.

30 marks, 35 minutes. Number, multiplication & fractions, geometry, data. No calculator.

30 marks, 35 minutes. Number & money, fractions & measurement, time & data. Calculator allowed.

40 marks, 45 minutes. Multi-step reasoning across all Grade 3 topics. Includes bonus challenge questions.

Read and write numbers to 10,000; thousands, hundreds, tens, ones; compare and order; round to 10, 100, 1000; number lines.

Column addition and subtraction up to 4-digit numbers; estimating; inverse operations; word problems.

Times tables to 12×12; short multiplication; 2-digit × 1-digit; factors and multiples; word problems.

Short division; dividing by 1-digit; remainders; inverse of multiplication; word problems.

Equivalent fractions; simplifying; comparing same-denominator fractions; add and subtract same-denominator; mixed numbers.

Tenths and hundredths; decimals on number lines; ordering; rounding to 1 decimal place; add and subtract decimals.

Acute, right, obtuse and straight angles; angles on a straight line (180°); angles around a point (360°); angles in triangles.

Types of triangles and quadrilaterals; regular polygons; lines of symmetry; properties of shapes.

Faces, edges and vertices; Euler's formula; nets of cubes and cuboids; recognising 3D shapes.

First-quadrant coordinate grids; reading and plotting points; translations; completing rectangles.

Perimeter of polygons; area of rectangles and squares; compound shapes; missing lengths.

Units of length, mass and capacity; metric conversions; reading scales; comparing measurements.

12-hour and 24-hour clocks; reading timetables; calculating durations; calendars and dates.

Frequency tables; bar charts; pictograms; line graphs; reading and interpreting data.

Mean, median, mode and range; finding averages from data sets; comparing data.

Probability language (certain, likely, unlikely, impossible); probability scale 0 to 1; simple experiments.

35 marks, 40 minutes. Number, fractions & decimals, geometry, data. No calculator.

35 marks, 40 minutes. Number & multiplication, fractions & decimals, geometry & measurement, data. Calculator allowed.

45 marks, 50 minutes. Multi-step reasoning across all Grade 4 topics. Includes bonus challenge questions.

Read and write numbers up to 1,000,000; order and compare; round to 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000; negative numbers and Roman numerals.

Column addition and subtraction with large numbers, mental strategies, estimation using rounding, and multi-step word problems.

Times tables, grid method for 2-digit × 2-digit, short multiplication up to 4-digit × 2-digit, mental strategies, and word problems.

Division facts, dividing by 10/100/1000, short division (bus stop method), remainders, divisibility rules for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10.

Factors and factor pairs, multiples, prime numbers, square and cube numbers, HCF and LCM using listing and prime factorisation.

Equivalent fractions, simplifying, ordering fractions with different denominators, adding and subtracting fractions and mixed numbers.

Place value in decimals, ordering and comparing, rounding to decimal places, multiplying and dividing decimals by 10/100/1000.

Understanding percentages, converting between fractions/decimals/percentages, finding percentages of amounts, percentage increase and decrease.

Number sequences, term-to-term rules, finding missing terms, arithmetic and geometric patterns, and describing rules in words.

Writing and using simple formulae, substituting values, forming expressions from word problems, function machines, and inverse operations.

Measuring and drawing angles, types of angles, angles on a straight line and around a point, angles in triangles and quadrilaterals.

Properties of triangles and quadrilaterals, regular and irregular polygons, symmetry (lines and rotational), and classifying shapes.

Properties of 3D shapes (faces, edges, vertices), nets, prisms and pyramids, and identifying 3D shapes from 2D representations.

Plotting and reading coordinates in all four quadrants, reflections and translations on a coordinate grid, and describing positions.

Reflection, rotation (90° and 180°), translation using vectors, and recognising transformed shapes on coordinate grids.

Perimeter of rectangles and polygons, area of rectangles, area of triangles (½ × base × height), compound shapes, and units of area.

Volume of cuboids (l × w × h), volume of cubes, finding missing dimensions, units of volume (cm³, m³), and links to capacity.

Metric units of length, mass and capacity, converting between units, reading scales, and solving problems with mixed units.

12-hour and 24-hour clocks, calculating durations, adding and subtracting time, reading timetables, and solving time word problems.

Frequency tables and tally charts, bar charts, line graphs, pictograms, and reading pie charts. Interpret and compare data sets.

Mean, median, mode and range — calculating each, finding missing values, comparing data sets, and choosing the appropriate average.

Probability language (certain/likely/unlikely/impossible), probability as a fraction, complement rule P(not A) = 1 − P(A), and listing outcomes.

40 marks, 45 minutes. Number, fractions, geometry and measures. No calculator. Includes timer, self-marking, and full mark scheme.

40 marks, 45 minutes. Decimals, percentages, data, statistics and problem solving. Calculator permitted.

50 marks, 60 minutes. Multi-step reasoning across all Grade 5 topics. Extended problem solving, pattern finding, and real-world applications.