Decimals: Four Operations & Recurring Decimals

Grade 7 — Cambridge Lower Secondary Stage 7, Unit 4. Master multiplying and dividing decimals, spot the difference between terminating and recurring decimals, and use decimals in real-world problems.

Key Vocabulary

Terminating decimal — ends after a finite number of digits. e.g. 0.75

Recurring decimal — one or more digits repeat forever. e.g. 0.3333… = 0.3

Dot notation — a dot above a digit shows it repeats; two dots show the start and end of the repeating block.

Multiplying Decimals by Decimals — Grid Method

Watch how 2.4 × 1.3 is built step by step in the grid below:

Grid for 2.4 × 1.3
× 2 0.4
1
0.3
Watch the grid fill in...

Steps:

1. Split each number into whole + decimal parts.

2. Multiply each pair and fill each cell.

3. Add all four cells to get the answer.

Dividing Decimals by Decimals

The Rule: Multiply both numbers by 10 (or 100) until the divisor is a whole number, then divide normally.
Example: 3.6 ÷ 0.4 → multiply both by 10 → 36 ÷ 4 = 9
3.6 ÷ 0.4  →  ×10 both  →  36 ÷ 4 = 9
0.12 ÷ 0.04  →  ×100 both  →  12 ÷ 4 = 3

Recurring Decimals from Fractions

Method: Perform long division. If the remainder repeats, the decimal is recurring.
A fraction in lowest terms gives a terminating decimal only if its denominator has no prime factors other than 2 and 5.
Fraction Decimal Type
1/30.3Recurring
1/70.142857Recurring (6-digit cycle)
2/90.2Recurring
3/40.75Terminating
7/200.35Terminating

Decimal to Fraction — How to Simplify

0.6 = 610 = 35   (divide top and bottom by 2)
0.35 = 35100 = 720   (divide by 5)
0.125 = 1251000 = 18   (divide by 125)

Ordering Decimals Including Negatives

Remember: Negative numbers to the left of zero are smaller. −2.5 < −1.3 < 0 < 0.8 < 1.2
Line up decimal points when comparing. Fill gaps with zeros: 1.4 = 1.40 = 1.400

Worked Examples

Study these carefully before tackling the exercises.

Example 1: Multiply Decimal × Decimal (Grid Method)

Question: Calculate 3.2 × 2.4

Step 1: Split 3.2 = 3 + 0.2    Split 2.4 = 2 + 0.4
Step 2: Fill the grid:
× 3 0.2
2 6 0.4
0.4 1.2 0.08
Step 3: Add all cells: 6 + 0.4 + 1.2 + 0.08 = 7.68

Answer: 3.2 × 2.4 = 7.68

Check: 32 × 24 = 768 → two decimal places total → 7.68 ✓

Example 2: Divide Decimal by Decimal

Question: Calculate 5.6 ÷ 0.07

Step 1: The divisor is 0.07. It needs to become a whole number → multiply by 100.
Step 2: Multiply both numbers by 100:   5.6 × 100 = 560    0.07 × 100 = 7
Step 3: Now divide: 560 ÷ 7 = 80

Answer: 5.6 ÷ 0.07 = 80

Check: 80 × 0.07 = 5.6 ✓

Example 3: Convert Fraction to Recurring Decimal (Dot Notation)

Question: Write 59 as a recurring decimal using dot notation.

Step 1: Divide 5 by 9 using long division:
5.000... ÷ 9:   9 goes into 50 five times remainder 5 → keeps repeating.
Step 2: 5 ÷ 9 = 0.5555... = 0.5

Answer: 59 = 0.5

A single dot above the digit means that digit repeats forever.

Example 4: Convert Terminating Decimal to Fraction (Simplest Form)

Question: Write 0.48 as a fraction in its simplest form.

Step 1: 0.48 has two decimal places → write as 48100
Step 2: Find HCF of 48 and 100 → HCF = 4
Step 3: Divide top and bottom by 4 → 1225

Answer: 0.48 = 1225

25 = 5² → only prime factor is 5 → terminating ✓

Decimal Multiplier — Grid Visualizer

Enter two decimals (up to 2 d.p. each). Click Calculate to see the grid method with coloured cells.

×

How the Grid Works

Each decimal is split into its whole-number part and its decimal part (tenths or hundredths). The four cells of the grid show the four partial products. Adding them gives the exact answer — no rounding needed!

Exercise 1 — Decimal × Decimal

Calculate each product. Type your answer in the box, then click Check All.

Exercise 2 — Dividing by Decimals

For each question, complete the converted form (multiply both by 10 or 100), then write the final answer.

Exercise 3 — Fraction to Decimal

For each fraction: click Terminating or Recurring, then type the decimal. Click Check All.

Exercise 4 — Decimal to Fraction

Write each decimal as a fraction in its simplest form. Enter the numerator and denominator. Click Check All.

Exercise 5 — Ordering Decimals

Click the numbers in ascending order (smallest first). Check each set when done.

Exercise 6 — Multi-Step Word Problems

Work through each problem one at a time. Type your answer and click Check.

Practice Questions

Write your working on paper!

  1. Calculate 1.2 × 3.4
  2. Calculate 4.5 × 2.6
  3. Calculate 0.7 × 0.9
  4. Calculate 3.8 × 1.5
  5. Calculate 6.3 × 0.04
  6. Calculate 7.2 ÷ 0.9
  7. Calculate 4.8 ÷ 0.6
  8. Calculate 3.5 ÷ 0.07
  9. Calculate 0.84 ÷ 0.04
  10. Calculate 2.16 ÷ 0.08
  11. Write 13 as a decimal using dot notation.
  12. Write 29 as a decimal using dot notation.
  13. Write 16 as a decimal using dot notation.
  14. Write 511 as a decimal using dot notation.
  15. Write 0.75 as a fraction in simplest form.
  16. Write 0.64 as a fraction in simplest form.
  17. Write 0.125 as a fraction in simplest form.
  18. Arrange in ascending order: −1.5,  0.8,  −0.3,  1.2,  −2.1,  0.09
  19. A plank is 2.4 m long. It is cut into pieces each 0.08 m long. How many pieces are there?
  20. Petrol costs $1.35 per litre. How much does 4.6 litres cost? Give your answer to the nearest cent.
  1. 1.2 × 3.4 = 4.08
  2. 4.5 × 2.6 = 11.70
  3. 0.7 × 0.9 = 0.63
  4. 3.8 × 1.5 = 5.70
  5. 6.3 × 0.04 = 0.252
  6. 7.2 ÷ 0.9 → 72 ÷ 9 = 8
  7. 4.8 ÷ 0.6 → 48 ÷ 6 = 8
  8. 3.5 ÷ 0.07 → 350 ÷ 7 = 50
  9. 0.84 ÷ 0.04 → 84 ÷ 4 = 21
  10. 2.16 ÷ 0.08 → 216 ÷ 8 = 27
  11. 0.3
  12. 0.2
  13. 0.16
  14. 0.45 (0.454545... = 0.45)
  15. 0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4
  16. 0.64 = 64/100 = 16/25
  17. 0.125 = 125/1000 = 1/8
  18. −2.1, −1.5, −0.3, 0.09, 0.8, 1.2
  19. 2.4 ÷ 0.08 → 240 ÷ 8 = 30 pieces
  20. 1.35 × 4.6 = $6.21

Challenge — Hard Word Problems

Show all working on paper. These are multi-step!

  1. A car travels at 56.4 km/h for 2.5 hours. How far does it travel?
  2. A rectangular field is 12.4 m wide and 8.5 m long. What is the area? A fence costs $3.60 per metre. What is the total cost of fencing all four sides?
  3. A baker buys 4.8 kg of flour at $0.85 per kg and 1.6 kg of sugar at $1.20 per kg. What is the total cost?
  4. A water tank holds 36.8 litres. Water drains out at 0.08 litres per second. How many seconds does it take to empty?
  5. Write 712 as a decimal (using dot notation). Explain why it is recurring, not terminating.
  6. Three friends share a bill of $47.61 equally. How much does each person pay? Is the answer a terminating or recurring decimal?
  7. A rope is 5.76 m long. Pieces of length 0.32 m are cut from it. How many complete pieces can be cut, and how much rope is left over?
  8. In a science experiment, a reading of −3.7 is recorded, then the value increases by 5.2, then decreases by 0.85. What is the final reading?
  9. A shop sells pens at $0.65 each and rulers at $0.90 each. Yusuf spends exactly $5.80 and buys more pens than rulers. How many of each did he buy?
  10. A train journey is 124.8 km. The first part is 0.375 of the total distance. How long (in km) is the first part? Write 0.375 as a fraction in simplest form first.
  1. 141 km. 56.4 × 2.5: grid → (56 × 2) + (56 × 0.5) + (0.4 × 2) + (0.4 × 0.5) = 112 + 28 + 0.8 + 0.2 = 141.
  2. Area = 105.4 m² (12.4 × 8.5 = 105.4). Perimeter = 2×(12.4+8.5) = 2×20.9 = 41.8 m. Cost = 41.8 × $3.60 = $150.48.
  3. Flour: 4.8 × $0.85 = $4.08. Sugar: 1.6 × $1.20 = $1.92. Total = $6.00.
  4. 36.8 ÷ 0.08 → 3680 ÷ 8 = 460 seconds.
  5. 7 ÷ 12 = 0.58333... = 0.583. Recurring because 12 = 2² × 3; the factor of 3 (not 2 or 5) causes the decimal to repeat.
  6. 47.61 ÷ 3 = $15.87. It is a terminating decimal (3 divides exactly into 4761, giving a whole number of cents).
  7. 5.76 ÷ 0.32 → 576 ÷ 32 = 18 complete pieces, with 0 m left over (it divides exactly).
  8. −3.7 + 5.2 = 1.5;   1.5 − 0.85 = 0.65.
  9. Let p = pens, r = rulers: 0.65p + 0.90r = 5.80 and p > r. Try r=2: 0.90×2=1.80; 5.80−1.80=4.00; 4.00÷0.65 ≈ 6.15 (not whole). Try r=4: 0.90×4=3.60; 5.80−3.60=2.20; 2.20÷0.65 ≈ 3.38 (not whole). Try r=3: 0.90×3=2.70; 5.80−2.70=3.10; 3.10÷0.65 ≈ 4.77 (not whole). Try r=1: 0.90×1=0.90; 5.80−0.90=4.90; 4.90÷0.65 ≈ 7.54 (not whole). Try r=2, p=4: 0.65×4+0.90×2=2.60+1.80=4.40 (no). Try p=6, r=2: 0.65×6+0.90×2=3.90+1.80=5.70 (no). Try p=4, r=2: 2.60+1.80=4.40 (no). p=2, r=5: 1.30+4.50=5.80 ✓ but p<r. p=5, r=3: 3.25+2.70=5.95 (no). p=8, r=0: 5.20 (no). p=6,r=3: 3.90+2.70=6.60 (no). Answer: 4 pens, 2 rulers — wait: 0.65×4+0.90×2 = 2.60+1.80 = 4.40. Let me recompute: p=2,r=5 gives 1.30+4.50=5.80 ✓ but p<r. p=7,r=1: 4.55+0.90=5.45 (no). Scaling: multiply by 20: 13p+18r=116. Solve: r=(116−13p)/18. p=4: (116−52)/18=64/18 (no). p=8: (116−104)/18=12/18 (no). p=10: (116−130)/18 negative. p=2: (116−26)/18=90/18=5; r=5, p=2, p<r. No solution with p>r using whole numbers. Answer: 2 pens and 5 rulers (verify: 0.65×2+0.90×5=1.30+4.50=$5.80 ✓). Note: the only whole-number solution has more rulers than pens — re-read: the problem as set has solution 2 pens, 5 rulers; students should record that no solution satisfies p>r and note the discrepancy.
  10. 0.375 = 375/1000 = 3/8. First part = 124.8 × 3/8 = 124.8 ÷ 8 × 3 = 15.6 × 3 = 46.8 km.