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✖️ Multiplication

Grade 3 · 2×, 3×, 4×, 5×, 10× Tables · Cambridge Primary Stage 3

Arrays

Using rows and columns to see multiplication

2× Table

Even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...

3× Table

Three, six, nine, twelve...

4× Table

Four, eight, twelve, sixteen...

5× and 10× Tables

Fives end in 0 or 5; tens end in 0

Word Problems

Groups of, lots of, times as many

1. Arrays and Repeated Addition

Multiplication is the same as repeated addition. An array shows this visually with rows and columns.

3 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 (3 rows of 4)
An array for 3 × 4:
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
= 12 dots altogether
🍰 Think of muffin trays! 3 rows of 4 muffins = 12 muffins total.

2. The 2× Table

Multiplying by 2 gives you even numbers. They always end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.

×12345678910
2 2468101214161820
🍬 Count in 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10... like counting pairs of socks!

3. The 3× Table

Count in 3s. The digits of multiples of 3 always add up to a multiple of 3!

×12345678910
3 36912151821242730
🍩 Check: 12 → 1+2=3 ✓, 27 → 2+7=9 ✓. The digit sum is always divisible by 3!

4. The 4× Table

The 4× table is double the 2× table! If you know 2×, just double it.

×12345678910
4 481216202428323640
🌈 4 × 7: First do 2 × 7 = 14, then double it: 14 × 2 = 28!

5. The 5× and 10× Tables

5× answers always end in 0 or 5. 10× answers always end in 0.

×12345678910
5 5101520253035404550
10 102030405060708090100
🍭 Multiplying by 10 is easy — just add a zero! 6 × 10 = 60.

6. Multiplication Word Problems

Look for key phrases: groups of, lots of, times as many, rows of, each.

A baker puts 4 cupcakes in each box. She fills 7 boxes.
How many cupcakes altogether?
4 × 7 = 28 cupcakes
5 children each have 6 sweets.
Total sweets = 5 × 6 = 30 sweets
🎂 Draw an array or use repeated addition if you're stuck on a word problem!

Example 1 — Using an Array

Show 3 × 5 as an array.

3 rows, 5 columns: ● ● ● ● ● / ● ● ● ● ● / ● ● ● ● ●
Count all dots: 5 + 5 + 5 = 15

Example 2 — 2× Table

What is 2 × 7?

Count in 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
2 × 7 = 14

Example 3 — 4× using doubling

What is 4 × 8?

2 × 8 = 16
Double it: 16 × 2 = 32

Example 4 — 5× Table

What is 5 × 9?

Count in 5s: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45
5 × 9 = 45

Example 5 — Word Problem

3 friends each have 8 sweets. How many sweets in total?

Key phrase: "each have" → multiply
3 × 8 = 24 sweets

🔢 Interactive Array Builder

Choose rows and columns to build an array. See how multiplication works as equal rows!

Click Build to see your array!

Exercise 1 — The 2× Table

1. 2 × 1 = ?

2. 2 × 2 = ?

3. 2 × 3 = ?

4. 2 × 4 = ?

5. 2 × 5 = ?

6. 2 × 6 = ?

7. 2 × 7 = ?

8. 2 × 8 = ?

9. 2 × 9 = ?

10. 2 × 10 = ?

Exercise 2 — The 3× Table

1. 3 × 1 = ?

2. 3 × 2 = ?

3. 3 × 3 = ?

4. 3 × 4 = ?

5. 3 × 5 = ?

6. 3 × 6 = ?

7. 3 × 7 = ?

8. 3 × 8 = ?

9. 3 × 9 = ?

10. 3 × 10 = ?

Exercise 3 — The 4× Table

1. 4 × 1 = ?

2. 4 × 2 = ?

3. 4 × 3 = ?

4. 4 × 4 = ?

5. 4 × 5 = ?

6. 4 × 6 = ?

7. 4 × 7 = ?

8. 4 × 8 = ?

9. 4 × 9 = ?

10. 4 × 10 = ?

Exercise 4 — The 5× Table

1. 5 × 1 = ?

2. 5 × 2 = ?

3. 5 × 3 = ?

4. 5 × 4 = ?

5. 5 × 5 = ?

6. 5 × 6 = ?

7. 5 × 7 = ?

8. 5 × 8 = ?

9. 5 × 9 = ?

10. 5 × 10 = ?

Exercise 5 — The 10× Table

1. 10 × 1 = ?

2. 10 × 2 = ?

3. 10 × 3 = ?

4. 10 × 4 = ?

5. 10 × 5 = ?

6. 10 × 6 = ?

7. 10 × 7 = ?

8. 10 × 8 = ?

9. 10 × 9 = ?

10. 10 × 10 = ?

🏋️ Practice — 20 Questions (Mixed Tables)

1. 2 × 3 = ?

2. 3 × 5 = ?

3. 4 × 6 = ?

4. 5 × 4 = ?

5. 5 × 7 = ?

6. 3 × 6 = ?

7. 4 × 10 = ?

8. 2 × 6 = ?

9. 5 × 9 = ?

10. 3 × 10 = ?

11. 2 × 4 = ?

12. 3 × 7 = ?

13. 4 × 4 = ?

14. 5 × 10 = ?

15. 3 × 3 = ?

16. 4 × 7 = ?

17. 10 × 6 = ?

18. 5 × 5 = ?

19. 10 × 10 = ?

20. 3 × 14 = ? (hint: 3×10 + 3×4)

🏆 Challenge — 8 Questions

1. 4 × 9 = ?

2. 4 × 12 = ? (hint: 4×10 + 4×2)

3. 3 × 14 = ?

4. 4 × 14 = ?

5. 7 × 9 = ?

6. 8 × 9 = ?

7. 6 × 9 = ?

8. 9 × 9 = ?