Multiplication – Grade 4 Maths

Times Tables

All facts from 1×1 to 12×12

×10, ×100, ×1000

Multiplying by powers of ten

Grid Method

2-digit × 1-digit using partitioning

Short Multiplication

3-digit × 1-digit column method

Word Problems

Applying multiplication in context

1. Times Tables (1–12)

Knowing your tables by heart is the foundation of all multiplication. Here are the key facts to learn:

Tricky ones to remember:
6 × 7 = 42 | 7 × 8 = 56 | 6 × 9 = 54
8 × 8 = 64 | 9 × 9 = 81 | 8 × 9 = 72
12 × 8 = 96 | 11 × 7 = 77 | 7 × 12 = 84

💡 Multiplication is commutative: 6 × 7 = 7 × 6 = 42. If you know one order, you know both!

2. Multiplying by 10, 100, 1000

When you multiply by 10, 100 or 1000, the digits move left by that many places.

× 10 → move 1 place left (add one zero)
× 100 → move 2 places left (add two zeros)
× 1000 → move 3 places left (add three zeros)

34 × 10 = 340
56 × 100 = 5,600
7 × 1,000 = 7,000

💡 We say digits "move left" not that we "add zeros" — but for whole numbers the effect is the same.

3. Grid Method (2-digit × 1-digit)

Partition the 2-digit number into tens and ones, then multiply each part separately.

34 × 6 = (30 × 6) + (4 × 6) = 180 + 24 = 204

×	30	4
6	180	24

×

30

4

6

180

24

47 × 8 = (40 × 8) + (7 × 8) = 320 + 56 = 376

4. Short Multiplication (3-digit × 1-digit)

Use the column method. Multiply each digit right to left, carrying when needed.

          1 2 3

        ×     4

        ───────

          4 9 2

        With carry: 234 × 5

        Ones: 4×5=20 → write 0 carry 2

        Tens: 3×5=15+2=17 → write 7 carry 1

        Hundreds: 2×5=10+1=11 → write 11

        Answer: 1,170

5. Word Problems

Read carefully. Find the numbers and the operation. Then calculate.

Example: 8 bags, each with 6 apples. Total apples?
8 × 6 = 48 apples

Example: 7 shelves with 48 books each. Total books?
7 × 48 = 7 × 40 + 7 × 8 = 280 + 56 = 336 books

💡 Look for words like "each", "per", "groups of", "rows of" — these signal multiplication.

Example 1 — Times Table Fact

6 × 7 = ?

This is a key table fact: 6 × 7 = 42

Check: 7 × 6 = 42 ✓ (commutative)

Example 2 — Multiply by 100

56 × 100 = ?

Move the digits two places to the left (add two zeros).

Answer: 5,600

Example 3 — Grid Method

47 × 8 = ?

Partition: 47 = 40 + 7

40 × 8 = 320 | 7 × 8 = 56

320 + 56 = 376

Example 4 — Short Multiplication

123 × 4 = ?

Ones: 3 × 4 = 12 → write 2, carry 1

Tens: 2 × 4 = 8 + 1 = 9

Hundreds: 1 × 4 = 4

Answer: 492

Example 5 — Word Problem

5 boxes with 24 crayons each. How many crayons?

5 × 24 = 5 × 20 + 5 × 4 = 100 + 20 = 120 crayons

📐 Grid Method Explainer

2-digit number: × 1-digit:

🔟 Powers of Ten

Number: Multiply by:

📋 Times Table Generator

Show table for:

Exercise 1 — Times Tables

1. 6 × 7 = ?

2. 8 × 9 = ?

3. 7 × 8 = ?

4. 9 × 9 = ?

5. 12 × 8 = ?

6. 11 × 7 = ?

7. 6 × 9 = ?

8. 8 × 8 = ?

9. 7 × 12 = ?

10. 9 × 11 = ?

Exercise 2 — Multiplying by 10, 100, 1000

1. 34 × 10 = ?

2. 56 × 100 = ?

3. 7 × 1,000 = ?

4. 45 × 100 = ?

5. 23 × 10 = ?

6. 8 × 1,000 = ?

7. 67 × 10 = ?

8. 12 × 100 = ?

9. 4 × 1,000 = ?

10. 89 × 10 = ?

Exercise 3 — Grid Method (2-digit × 1-digit)

1. 34 × 6 = ?

2. 47 × 8 = ?

3. 56 × 7 = ?

4. 38 × 9 = ?

5. 65 × 4 = ?

6. 73 × 8 = ?

7. 86 × 6 = ?

8. 94 × 7 = ?

9. 45 × 9 = ?

10. 67 × 8 = ?

Exercise 4 — Short Multiplication (3-digit × 1-digit)

1. 123 × 4 = ?

2. 234 × 5 = ?

3. 345 × 6 = ?

4. 456 × 7 = ?

5. 231 × 8 = ?

6. 312 × 9 = ?

7. 213 × 7 = ?

8. 321 × 6 = ?

9. 132 × 8 = ?

10. 423 × 5 = ?

Exercise 5 — Word Problems

1. 8 bags with 6 apples each. How many apples in total?

2. 5 boxes with 24 crayons each. How many crayons?

3. A garden has 34 rows with 6 flowers in each row. How many flowers?

4. 7 shelves with 48 books each. How many books in total?

5. 9 classes with 32 students each. How many students in total?

6. 125 × 8 = ?

7. 234 × 4 = ?

8. There are 52 weeks in a year. How many days is that? (52 × 7)

9. 45 × 9 = ?

10. 312 × 6 = ?

🏋️ Practice — 20 Questions

1. 6 × 7 = ?

2. 8 × 9 = ?

3. 7 × 8 = ?

4. 9 × 9 = ?

5. 12 × 8 = ?

6. 34 × 10 = ?

7. 56 × 100 = ?

8. 7 × 1,000 = ?

9. 34 × 6 = ?

10. 47 × 8 = ?

11. 56 × 7 = ?

12. 38 × 9 = ?

13. 123 × 4 = ?

14. 234 × 5 = ?

15. 345 × 6 = ?

16. 8 bags × 6 apples = ?

17. 5 boxes × 24 crayons = ?

18. 34 × 6 = ?

19. 7 shelves × 48 books = ?

20. 9 × 32 = ?

🏆 Challenge — 8 Questions

1. 12 × 8 = ?

2. 63 × 8 = ?

3. 156 × 8 = ?