✖️ Multiplication

Grade 5 · Number · Cambridge Primary Stage 5

Times Tables

Recall up to 12 × 12

Mental Methods

×10, ×100, doubling, near multiples

Grid Method

2-digit × 2-digit using a grid

Short Multiplication

3-digit × 1-digit and 3-digit × 2-digit

Word Problems

Areas and real-life multiplication

1. Times Tables (up to 12 × 12)

Knowing your times tables by heart makes all multiplication much faster. You need to be confident up to 12 × 12 = 144.

7 × 8 = 56  |  9 × 6 = 54  |  12 × 7 = 84  |  11 × 11 = 121
Tricks to remember:
• ×9: digits always add to 9 (9,18,27,36,45...)
• ×11: up to 11×9, repeat the digit (11×3=33, 11×7=77)
• ×12: = ×10 + ×2 (so 12×8 = 80 + 16 = 96)
💡 If you forget a fact, use doubling: 8×6 = double(4×6) = double 24 = 48.

2. Mental Multiplication Strategies

Use these mental shortcuts to multiply quickly without a pen.

×10 → add a zero  |  ×100 → add two zeros  |  ×1000 → add three zeros
Multiplying by 10, 100, 1000:
47 × 10 = 470  |  47 × 100 = 4,700  |  47 × 1,000 = 47,000

Doubling:
34 × 2 = 68  |  68 × 2 = 136  |  so 34 × 4 = 136

Near multiples:
47 × 9 = 47 × 10 − 47 = 470 − 47 = 423
25 × 11 = 25 × 10 + 25 = 275
Multiply by a multiple of 10: 47 × 30 = 47 × 3 × 10 = 141 × 10 = 1,410
💡 To multiply by 50, multiply by 100 then halve: 36 × 50 = 3,600 ÷ 2 = 1,800.

3. Grid Method (2-digit × 2-digit)

Split each number into tens and ones, multiply each pair, then add all the parts.

47 × 38: split into (40 + 7) × (30 + 8)
×407
301,200210
832056
Add partial products: 1,200 + 210 + 320 + 56 = 1,786
💡 Always add all four partial products at the end. Write them neatly to avoid mistakes.

4. Short Multiplication (Column Method)

For 3-digit × 1-digit, use the column method: multiply each digit and carry as needed.

347 × 6: multiply ones (7×6=42, write 2 carry 4), tens (4×6+4=28, write 8 carry 2), hundreds (3×6+2=20) → Answer: 2,082
3-digit × 2-digit:
347 × 26
Step 1: 347 × 6 = 2,082
Step 2: 347 × 20 = 6,940 (multiply by 2, then by 10)
Step 3: 2,082 + 6,940 = 9,022
💡 When multiplying by the tens digit, remember to add a zero at the end (or write it in the ones column and leave it).

5. Multiplication in Word Problems

Multiplication is used whenever equal groups are combined, such as in area calculations or buying multiple items.

Area of a rectangle = length × width
A garden is 47 m long and 38 m wide. Area = 47 × 38 = 1,786 m²

A baker makes 36 cakes per day for 14 days. Total = 36 × 14 = 504 cakes

Tickets cost £12 each. 250 people attend. Total = 12 × 250 = £3,000
💡 Words like "each", "per", "every", and "rows of" usually mean multiply!

Example 1 — Grid Method: 47 × 38

Split: 47 = 40 + 7, 38 = 30 + 8
40 × 30 = 1,200  |  40 × 8 = 320
7 × 30 = 210  |  7 × 8 = 56
Add: 1,200 + 320 + 210 + 56 = 1,786

Example 2 — Short Multiplication: 347 × 6

Ones: 7 × 6 = 42 → write 2, carry 4
Tens: 4 × 6 = 24, + 4 (carry) = 28 → write 8, carry 2
Hundreds: 3 × 6 = 18, + 2 (carry) = 20 → write 20
Answer: 2,082

Example 3 — 3-digit × 2-digit: 236 × 45

Step 1: 236 × 5 = 1,180
Step 2: 236 × 40 = 9,440 (236 × 4 = 944, then × 10)
Step 3: 1,180 + 9,440 = 10,620

Example 4 — Word Problem: Area

A football pitch is 105 m long and 68 m wide. Find the area.
Area = 105 × 68
105 × 60 = 6,300  |  105 × 8 = 840
6,300 + 840 = 7,140 m²

🔬 Visualizer 1 — Grid Method Explorer

Enter two numbers and see the grid method drawn with all partial products.

🔬 Visualizer 2 — ×10, ×100, ×1000 Place Value Slider

Enter a number and see what happens when you multiply by powers of 10.

Exercise 1 — Times Tables & Mental ×10, ×100

1. 7 × 8 = ?

2. 9 × 6 = ?

3. 12 × 7 = ?

4. 11 × 9 = ?

5. 8 × 8 = ?

6. 47 × 10 = ?

7. 36 × 100 = ?

8. 5 × 1,000 = ?

9. 47 × 9 = ? (use 47×10 − 47)

10. 25 × 11 = ? (use 25×10 + 25)

Exercise 2 — Grid Method (2-digit × 2-digit)

Use the grid method. Enter the final answer.

1. 23 × 14 = ?

2. 34 × 21 = ?

3. 47 × 38 = ?

4. 56 × 24 = ?

5. 63 × 47 = ?

6. 72 × 35 = ?

7. 85 × 46 = ?

8. 91 × 27 = ?

9. 68 × 53 = ?

10. 77 × 44 = ?

Exercise 3 — Short Multiplication (3-digit × 1-digit)

1. 124 × 3 = ?

2. 235 × 4 = ?

3. 347 × 6 = ?

4. 418 × 7 = ?

5. 523 × 8 = ?

6. 634 × 5 = ?

7. 745 × 9 = ?

8. 856 × 6 = ?

9. 967 × 7 = ?

10. 483 × 8 = ?

Exercise 4 — Multiplying 3-digit × 2-digit

1. 132 × 12 = ?

2. 236 × 14 = ?

3. 347 × 26 = ?

4. 425 × 31 = ?

5. 236 × 45 = ?

6. 318 × 27 = ?

7. 453 × 36 = ?

8. 524 × 48 = ?

9. 675 × 52 = ?

10. 748 × 63 = ?

Exercise 5 — Word Problems

1. A box holds 24 oranges. How many oranges in 35 boxes?

2. A garden is 47 m long and 38 m wide. What is the area in m²?

3. A cinema sells 346 tickets each day for 7 days. How many tickets?

4. There are 125 rows of seats with 32 seats in each row. Total seats?

5. Books cost £12 each. A school orders 56 books. Total cost in £?

6. A car travels 48 km per hour. How far in 9 hours?

7. A baker makes 36 cakes per day. How many in 14 days?

8. Tiles are 25 cm wide. How wide are 48 tiles in cm?

9. 250 people each donate £14. Total amount in £?

10. A classroom has 28 students. Each student needs 6 pencils. Total pencils?

🏋️ Practice — 20 Questions

1. 8 × 9 = ?

2. 12 × 12 = ?

3. 63 × 10 = ?

4. 47 × 30 = ?

5. 38 × 25 = ? (grid method)

6. 246 × 7 = ?

7. 385 × 4 = ?

8. 127 × 34 = ?

9. 45 × 99 = ? (×100 − 45)

10. Area of a room 12 m × 15 m = ? m²

11. 6 × 7 × 8 = ?

12. 594 × 6 = ?

13. 263 × 35 = ?

14. 84 × 50 = ? (×100 ÷ 2)

15. 435 × 8 = ?

16. 72 tickets at £15 each. Total cost in £?

17. 11 × 11 = ?

18. 456 × 23 = ?

19. 9 × 9 = ?

20. 327 × 42 = ?

🏆 Challenge — 8 Questions

1. Find the missing digit: 3□4 × 6 = 2,064. What is □?

2. What is the largest product you can make using digits 2, 4, 6, 8 to form two 2-digit numbers? (Enter the product)

3. A rectangle has area 2,652 m². Its width is 12 m. What is its length in m?

4. 125 × 8 × 10 = ?

5. A shop sells 348 items per day for 28 days. How many items total?

6. 99 × 99 = ? (use (100−1)² or any method)

7. Find the missing number: □ × 37 = 1,850 + 92. What is □?

8. A farmer plants 47 rows of crops with 68 plants in each row. How many plants altogether?